Representation and Appeals at Court

About Representation and Appeals at Court

The criminal courts in England and Wales operate at several levels, each with its own procedures, powers, and sentencing ranges. Magistrates' Courts handle the vast majority of criminal cases, including all summary-only offences and many either-way offences. Crown Courts deal with the most serious indictable-only offences — such as murder, rape, and robbery — as well as either-way offences that are sent up due to their severity. Youth Courts are specialist Magistrates' Courts that deal with defendants aged 10 to 17 under distinct rules designed to account for the age and vulnerability of the young person.

The consequences of a criminal case vary enormously depending on the court in which it is heard. Magistrates can impose sentences of up to six months' imprisonment for a single offence (or twelve months for consecutive sentences), unlimited fines, community orders, and conditional discharges. Crown Courts have the full range of sentencing powers, up to and including life imprisonment. Youth Courts prioritise rehabilitation and have a different sentencing framework, but custodial sentences are still possible for the most serious matters.

Appeals are available against both conviction and sentence. From the Magistrates' Court, the appeal route is to the Crown Court, where the case is reheard before a judge and two magistrates. From the Crown Court, appeals on points of law or against sentence go to the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division), subject to leave being granted. In exceptional cases, matters can be referred to the Supreme Court.

Having the right representation at each stage is essential. The approach required for a half-day trial in the Magistrates' Court is fundamentally different from a multi-day Crown Court trial before a jury. Effective defence means understanding not just the law, but the culture, expectations, and tactical considerations specific to each court. We ensure that whether your case is dealt with summarily or on indictment, your defence is prepared and presented to the highest standard.